Japan, Hua Chunying (華春瑩)

I must point out that the territorial disputes between Japan and its neighbors stem from its past aggression and colonial rules. We hope that Japan can face up to history, have a deep reflection on it and take real action to win back trust from its Asian neighbors.

- Hua Chunying (華春瑩), during a regular press briefing (2014.02.05)

Arts, André Malraux

History may clarify our understanding of the supreme work of art, but can never account for it completely; for the Time of art is not the same as the Time of history.

- André Malraux (1901-1976)

C2013, History, Li Keqiang

By looking into a mirror, one can make sure that he is dressed properly. Only by facing history squarely, can one creat a future.

- Chinese Premier Li Keqiang (李克强), the Potsdam Conference n the state of Brandenburg, Germany (May 2013)

C2013 History, Li Keqiang

The forces of justice and the Chinese people -- and the people elsewhere who love peace -- will never accept any comments or actions that seek to deny or glorify the past history of fascist aggression.

- Chinese Premier Li Keqiang (May 27, 2013)

C1279, Yuan (元) conquered Song (宋)

After two decades of sporadic warfare, Kublai Khan's armies conquered the Song (宋) Dynasty in 1279.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_Dynasty
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan_Dynasty

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China | c1127-c1279 | Song (南宋), China | c1271-c1368 | Yuan (元), Mongol | c1271-c1368 | Yuan (元)

C1271, The Yuan Dynast (~C1368)

The Yuan Dynasty (Chinese: 元朝; pinyin: Yuáncháo; IPA: [ɥǎn t͡ʂʰɑ̌ʊ]), Mongolian: Dai Ön Ulus/Их Юан Гүрэн), or Great Yuan Empire (simplified Chinese: 大元帝国; traditional Chinese: 大元帝國; pinyin: Dà Yuán Dìguó) was a Mongol-founded historical state or ruling dynasty in Mongolia and China, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368.

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元 [yuán]

公元1206年蒙古孛儿只斤·铁木真(成吉思汗)建国，1271年忽必烈定国号为元，1279年灭南宋，定都燕(ｙāｎ)京(后改称大都，即今北京)。1368年被朱元璋推翻。

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan_Dynasty

C1132, Emperor Gaozong (高宗) of Southern Song Dynasty

Date	Emperor	Events	Other people/events
Southern Song Dynasty	Emperor Gaozong (Chinese: 高宗; pinyin: Gāo Zōng)	China's first permanent standing navy is established, with Song naval headquarters at Dinghai.	A fire destroys some 13,000 homes in the new capital at Hangzhou.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Chinese_history

C1125, Jingkang Incident (靖康事變)

1125–1127

Jingkang Incident(靖康事變)

The Jurchen soldiers sack Kaifeng, bringing an end to the Northern Song Dynasty in China; the Song moves further south and makes Lin'an their new capital.

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The Jingkang Incident (simplified Chinese: 靖康事变; traditional Chinese: 靖康事變), the Humiliation of Jingkang (simplified Chinese: 靖康之耻; traditional Chinese: 靖康之恥), or The Disorders of the Jingkang Period (simplified Chinese: 靖康之乱; traditional Chinese: 靖康之亂) took place in 1127 when invading Jurchen soldiers from the Jin Dynasty besieged and sacked Bianjing (Kaifeng), the capital of the Song Dynasty of China. The Jin forces abducted Emperor Qinzong, his father Emperor Emeritus Huizong, along with many members of the imperial court.

This ended the era known as the Northern Song Dynasty, when the Song Dynasty controlled most of China. The rest of the imperial family was forced to flee and establish a new government, now known as the Southern Song, at Lin'an, which was to become their capital. This incident is so named because this was the major incident during the short reign of Emperor Qinzong, whose era name was "Jingkang" (靖康).

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jingkang_Incident
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Middle_Ages#12th_century

C1115, Jin (金) was founded (~C1234)

The Jin Dynasty (金朝) was founded in what would become northern Manchuria (滿洲) by the Jurchen (女眞) tribal chieftan Wányán Āgǔdǎ (完顏阿骨打) in 1115

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金 [jīn]

公元1115ー1234年，女真族完颜阿骨打所建，曾统治中国北部。

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_China
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin_Dynasty,_1115-1234

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China | c1115-c1234 | Jin (金), Jurchen | c1115-c1234 | Jin (金)

C1114, Barcelona conquers Ibiza and Mallorca

Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona conquers Ibiza and Mallorca.

C1114, Song sent Chinese musical instruments to Goryeo

The Song (宋 960~1279) Dynasty emperor Huizong (徽宗, 1082~1135) sent a gift of Chinese musical instruments for use in royal banquets to the Goryeo (高麗, 918~1392) court of Korea, by request from the Goryeo king Yejong (睿宗, 1079~1122).

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1114

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China | c0960-c1127 | Song (北宋), Korea | c0918-c1392 | Goryeo (高麗)

C1024, Song (宋) issues the paper currency.

C1024, Song (宋) issues the world's first paper currency.

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http://www.thenagain.info/webchron/china/NorthSung.html

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China | c0960-c1127 | Song (北宋)

C0960, Zhao Kuangyin (趙匡胤) initiated the Song Dynasty

Zhao Kuangyin (趙匡胤), later known as Emperor Taizu (太祖, 960–976), usurped the throne from the Later Zhou (後周) Dynasty with the support of military commanders in 960, initiating the Song (宋) Dynasty.

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宋 [sòng]

公元960ー1279年，赵匡胤所建。

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Song_Dynasty

C0219, Guan Yu (關羽) met his end

Guan Yu (關羽) met his end at the hands of Lü Meng (呂蒙) in 219.

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China | c0220-c0280 | 3 Kingdoms (三國), China | c0221-c0263 | Shu (蜀漢), China | c0220-c0265 | Wei (前魏)

B1556, The Shang Dynasty (~B1046)

The written history of China can be found as early as the Shang Dynasty (BC 1556 – BC 1046)

The Shang Dynasty (商朝) or Yin Dynasty (殷代) was, according to traditional sources, the second Chinese dynasty, after the Xia Dynasty (夏朝). They ruled in the northeastern regions of the area known as "China proper", in the Yellow River (黃河) valley. According to the chronology based upon calculations by Liu Xin (劉歆), the Shang ruled between 1766 BC and 1122 BC, however according to the chronology based upon the Bamboo Annals (竹書紀年), it is between 1556 BC and 1046 BC.

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商 [shāng]

约公元前1600ー公元前1046年，汤灭夏后所建，建都亳 (ｂó，今河南商丘)。后来盘庚又迁都到殷 (今河南安阳附近)。也说殷、殷商。

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_China
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang_Dynasty
http://www.nciku.cn/search/cc/detail/%E5%95%86/6871

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China | b1556-b1046 | Shang (商)

B2100, Xia Dynasty of China (~B1600)

The Xia Dynasty (夏朝) of China (from 2100 BC to 1600 BC) is the first dynasty to be described in ancient historical records such as Records of the Grand Historian (史記, Shiji) and Bamboo Annals (竹書紀年).

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夏 [xià]

约公元前21ー前17世纪，传说为禹所建。

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_China
史記 (Shiji) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Records_of_the_Grand_Historian

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China | b2100-b1600 | Xia (夏)